- Also known as
- Bremelanotide · BMT · Vyleesi (US brand)
- Class
- Melanocortin receptor agonist (MC3R, MC4R)
- Form
- Lyophilised powder (10 mg vial); nasal spray solution (10 mg / 10 mL)
- Sizes
- 10 mg
- Storage, dry
- −20 °C, dry and dark
- Storage, mixed
- 2–8 °C, use within 28 days of mixing (as generally reported for reconstituted peptides)
- BAC water per size
- 10 mg: 2 mL
- Molecular weight
- 1025.2 g/mol
What is PT-141?
PT-141, also called bremelanotide, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that activates melanocortin receptors, mainly MC3R and MC4R in the central nervous system. It acts in the brain, not on blood vessels. In rats, systemic PT-141 activated hypothalamic neurons, and in rats and non-human primates it produced penile erections. Reviews describe MC4R in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus as the receptor most relevant at the doses studied, with animal work pointing to increased dopamine release. Unlike most research peptides, it has large human trials: phase 3 RECONNECT studies in more than 1,200 premenopausal women, and earlier trials in men with erectile dysfunction. In the USA it is approved as Vyleesi, a subcutaneous injection.
What the research shows
| Study | Model | Dose used | Duration | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingsberg SA et al.2019 · Obstet Gynecol · PMID 31599840 | Human, two randomised controlled phase 3 trials (RECONNECT; n=1,267 randomised; premenopausal women with HSDD) | 1.75 mg subcutaneous, as needed | 24 weeks | Compared with placebo, bremelanotide increased sexual desire (integrated 0.35, P<.001) and reduced distress related to low desire (integrated −0.33, P<.001). Nausea, flushing and headache were more common with bremelanotide. |
| Clayton AH et al.2022 · J Womens Health (Larchmt) · PMID 35147466 | Human, integrated safety review of phase 1–3 programme (3,500 subjects, 43 studies; phase 3 double-blind n=1,247) | Not stated in the abstract (dosed per label in phase 3) | Up to 18 months in phase 3 | The most common adverse events versus placebo were nausea (40.0% vs 1.3%), flushing (20.3% vs 1.3%), headache (11.3% vs 1.9%) and injection site reactions (5.4% vs 0.5%). Small, transient blood pressure rises were seen. |
| Clayton AH et al.2016 · Womens Health (Lond) · PMID 27181790 | Human, randomised placebo-controlled dose-finding trial (efficacy n=327; premenopausal women) | 0.75, 1.25 or 1.75 mg subcutaneous, as desired | 12 weeks | For the pooled 1.25/1.75 mg groups, satisfying sexual events rose by 0.7 a month versus 0.2 on placebo (p=0.0180), with better sexual function and distress scores. Adverse events were nausea, flushing and headache. |
| White WB et al.2017 · J Hypertens · PMID 27977473 | Human, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n=397 premenopausal women) | 0.75, 1.25 or 1.75 mg subcutaneous | Two doses 24 h apart, ambulatory monitoring | Systolic pressure rose by up to about 3 mmHg versus placebo in the 4 h after dosing, with peaks usually under 15 minutes. At 1.75 mg, heart rate fell by 4.6–4.7 bpm. |
| Safarinejad MR et al.2008 · J Urol · PMID 18206919 | Human, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n=342 men with erectile dysfunction not responding to sildenafil) | 10 mg intranasal, 45 minutes to 2 hours before sexual stimulation | At least 16 attempts at home | Positive clinical results were reported in 33.5% on bremelanotide versus 8.5% on placebo (p=0.03), with greater intercourse satisfaction. Drug-related adverse effects were more frequent with bremelanotide. |
| Rosen RC et al.2004 · Int J Impot Res · PMID 14999221 | Human, phase 1/2 randomised trials (healthy men; men with inadequate response to Viagra) | 0.3–10 mg subcutaneous in healthy men; 4 or 6 mg in ED patients (crossover) | Single doses | Doses above 1.0 mg produced a significant erectile response on RigiScan in healthy men, and both 4 and 6 mg worked in ED patients. PT-141 was well tolerated in both studies. |
| Diamond LE et al.2005 · Urology · PMID 15833522 | Human, randomised crossover trial (n=19 men with erectile dysfunction) | 7.5 mg intranasal PT-141 with 25 mg sildenafil | Single doses; 6-hour post-dose assessment | PT-141 plus sildenafil produced a significantly greater erectile response than sildenafil alone. The combination did not bring new or more frequent adverse events. |
| Diamond LE et al.2006 · J Sex Med · PMID 16839319 | Human, randomised double-blind crossover trial (n=18 premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder) | 20 mg intranasal, single dose | Single session, 24-hour follow-up | More women reported moderate or high desire after bremelanotide than after placebo (P=0.0114). Vaginal vasocongestion did not change significantly. |
What these studies don't show: The large trials are in premenopausal women with HSDD using the subcutaneous product, so they say little about other groups or other routes. The intranasal trials are older and smaller (18 to 342 people). A 2024 re-analysis argues that the RECONNECT benefits are statistically modest and rest on outcome measures with limited validity evidence. None of these studies was designed to show very long-term safety.
Every study links to its PubMed record. See all PT-141 studies in the research library →
PT-141 price in Australia: 10mg vial
Buy PT-141 in Australia in a 10mg vial, plus a nasal spray and a starter kit. Prices are in AUD, you pay by PayID or bank transfer, and orders are dispatched from Australian stock.
| Size | Price | Per mg | BAC water (example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | $99.99 | $10.00/mg | 2 mL |
The BAC water column is an example volume for the maths only. Open the calculator (pre-set for PT-141).
Other formats and kits
Is PT-141 available in Australia?
PT-141 (bremelanotide) is not registered on the ARTG, and there is no TGA-approved bremelanotide product in Australia. In the USA it was approved in 2019 as Vyleesi, a subcutaneous injection, but that approval does not apply here. Tasman supplies PT-141 as a research chemical for laboratory use only, not for human use. How the TGA treats research peptides →
Side effects reported in studies
In the phase 3 trials, the most common side effects of PT-141 (bremelanotide) were nausea (40.0% vs 1.3% on placebo), flushing (20.3%) and headache (11.3%), and most were mild to moderate. The measured results were small but statistically significant gains in sexual desire and falls in related distress in premenopausal women, and stronger erectile responses in men. Read more →
Doses used in studies
The phase 3 RECONNECT trials used bremelanotide 1.75 mg by subcutaneous injection, as needed, for 24 weeks (Kingsberg et al., 2019). Earlier studies tested 0.3–10 mg subcutaneously in men and 7.5–20 mg intranasally. These are the doses the studies used, reported here for research reference only. Read more →
Reconstitution
| Vial | BAC water (example) | Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5 mg/mL |
PT-141 FAQ
Where can I buy PT-141 in Australia?
Tasman Peptides supplies research-grade PT-141 (bremelanotide) from Australian stock, for laboratory research only. It comes as lyophilised powder in 10 mg vials and as a 10 mg / 10 mL nasal spray solution, and each batch is tested by HPLC. It is not registered on the ARTG and is not sold for human use.
How much is PT-141 per mg?
The cost per mg depends on the format, and the size table on this page lists each option. PT-141 is sold as a 10 mg lyophilised vial and as a 10 mg in 10 mL nasal spray, so both hold 10 mg of peptide, one as dry powder and one in solution.
Is PT-141 the same as bremelanotide?
Yes. PT-141 was the development code for bremelanotide, a cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-MSH. Bremelanotide is the generic name used in the phase 3 trials and in the US approval, where the product is sold as Vyleesi, a subcutaneous injection.
Is PT-141 legal in Australia?
PT-141 is not registered on the ARTG, and there is no TGA-approved bremelanotide product in Australia. Its US approval as Vyleesi does not apply here. Tasman supplies it as a research chemical for laboratory use only.
How should PT-141 be stored?
Store the dry powder at −20 °C, sealed, dry and away from light. Once reconstituted, keep it at 2–8 °C and use it within 28 days, as is generally reported for reconstituted peptides. Keep the nasal spray solution refrigerated at 2–8 °C and do not freeze it.
What is PT-141 studied for?
PT-141 is studied for its effects on sexual desire and arousal through melanocortin receptors in the brain. The large trials were in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Earlier trials looked at erectile response in men, including men who did not respond to sildenafil, and animal work looked at hypothalamic activation.
PT-141 vs Melanotan II: what is the difference?
Both are cyclic alpha-MSH analogues that act on melanocortin receptors, and their ring structures are closely related. PT-141 went through a full clinical programme and is approved in the USA. Melanotan II has no controlled human trials in our records and is known mainly as an unregulated tanning agent.
Does PT-141 cause nausea?
Yes, nausea was the most common side effect in the trials. In the integrated phase 3 data it affected 40.0% of women on bremelanotide versus 1.3% on placebo, and it was the most common reason for stopping. Flushing (20.3%) and headache (11.3%) came next.
Does PT-141 raise blood pressure?
Bremelanotide caused small, short rises in blood pressure in a dedicated trial of 397 women. Systolic pressure rose about 2.4–3.2 mmHg over placebo in the 4 hours after the 1.25 and 1.75 mg doses, with peaks usually under 15 minutes. Heart rate fell by about 4.6 bpm at 1.75 mg.
Is there a PT-141 starter kit?
Yes. The PT-141 10 mg vial is also offered as a starter kit with the laboratory items needed to reconstitute it, such as bacteriostatic water. The kit contents are listed on the product page. Like the vial, it is for laboratory research only.
Compare with
Related compounds
Melanotan II
Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (cyclic alpha-MSH analogue)
Melanotan I
Melanocortin-1 receptor agonist (linear alpha-MSH analogue)
KPV
Melanocortin-derived tripeptide (C-terminal fragment of α-MSH)
DSIP
Neuropeptide (nonapeptide; receptor not identified)